{"id":340,"date":"2015-02-26T02:21:31","date_gmt":"2015-02-26T02:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/azmi.co\/cust\/ngba-wp\/?page_id=340"},"modified":"2016-08-03T16:31:27","modified_gmt":"2016-08-03T16:31:27","slug":"islam-sunnis-shiahs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/?page_id=340","title":{"rendered":"Islam-Sunnis &#038; Shi&#8217;ahs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">In the name of All\u0101h,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">the Beneficent, the Merciful.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Peace and Blessings of All\u0101h on Mohammad.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">DEDICATED TO<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">All\u0101h\u2013the Glorious and the High,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Lord of the worlds<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">AND TO<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Mohammad\u2013who brought the world<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">to our feet and eternity to our arms.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">*<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: purple;\">SUNNI &amp; SHI\u2019AH<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">(See also\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/?page_id=348\">Islam-sectism among Muslims<\/a><\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">The Qur\u2019an gives success:\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u201cO man, We have not revealed the Qur\u2019an to thee that thou mayest be unsuccessful\u201d-(Qur\u2019an 20:1-2).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">This throne of excellence is ever available for Muslims to ascend:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;\">\u201cAll\u0101h has promised to those of you\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"color: #800080; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">who believe and do good that\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"color: #800080; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">He will surely make them rulers\u201d-<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"color: #800080; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">(Qur\u2019an 24:55).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Since the death of the Prophet we have thrown behind us the wisdom of All\u0101h to have military preparedness and protect one another\u2013(Qur\u2019an 3:199; 8:60; 8:72-73). We have foolishly polarized ourselves into sects <span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2013in the face of all our urgent adversities we are yet quibbling over who should have succeeded the Prophet.<\/span> It is unGodly, tragic and disgraceful that Sunnis and Shi\u2019ahs distrust and are even fearful of the other. We must visualize with what countenance we will face All\u0101h and His noble Messenger on Judgment Day. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Shi\u2019ahs claim (on their website <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jaffari.org%29\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">www.jaffari.org<\/span>):<br \/>\n<\/a><\/span><span style=\"background: yellow;\">1.<\/span><span style=\"color: #673015;\">\u00a0\u201cSh\u012b\u2018ism bases its arguments on the divine precedence in which God never left the issue of leadership in the hands of the people; He appointed the prophets and their successors. Professor Wilfred Madelung of the Oxford University makes an interesting observation in his book, <i>The Succession to Muhammad,<\/i> published in 1997. He writes, \u201cThe Qur\u2019\u00e3n advises the faithful to settle some matters by consultation, but not the succession to prophets. That, according to the Qur\u2019\u00e3n, is settled by divine election, and God usually chooses their successors, whether they become prophets or not, from their own kin.\u201d (p. 17)\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">But All\u0101h did not \u201cchoose\u201d a successor to the Prophet Mohammad in the Qur\u2019an. Nor did the Prophet announce to his followers that All\u0101h revealed to him to choose \u2018Ali as his successor.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">If God had chosen \u2018Ali to be the successor of the Prophet there would not have been any need for the Prophet to inquire as to who will be his helper then announce that that individual is \u201cmy brother, my successor, and my caliph amongst you.\u201d <i>(Noted further on).<br \/>\n<\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">Also, the Prophet said that after him no prophets would come but All\u0101h will raise up <\/span><i style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">Mujaddids\/Reformers <\/i><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">(to guide Muslims who have deviated from the practice of Islam). He did not say that his descendants or kins would become the leaders of Muslims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"background: yellow; color: #673015;\">2.<\/span><span style=\"color: #673015;\">\u00a0 \u201cThe Prophet of Islam, from the very first day of his mission started introducing \u2018Ali bin Abi T\u00e2lib as his successor. He clarified that this was done by the will of God.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Names of the Sh\u00ed\u2018a Imams<\/strong> (successors of the Prophet) and their era of leadership:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 1. \u2018Ali bin Abi Talib\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 632-661<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 2. Hasan bin \u2018Ali\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 661-669<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 3. Husayn bin \u2018Ali\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0669-680<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 4. \u2018Ali Zayn al-\u2018Abidin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0680-712<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 5. Muhammad al-B\u00e3qir\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 712-735<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 6. Ja\u2018far as-S\u00e3diq\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 735-765<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 7. Musa al-K\u00e3zim\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 765-799<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 8. \u2018Ali ar-Riza\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 799-818<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 9. Muhammad bin \u2018Ali\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 818-835<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10. \u2018Ali an-Naqi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 835-868<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11. Hasan al-\u2018Askari\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 868-873<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12. Muhammad al-Mahdi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 873-Living in Occultation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Twelfth Sh\u00ed\u2018a Imam (or successor of the Prophet) is believed to have gone into occultation (that is, he is alive but is not known to anyone). This occultation will last till the reappearance of the Twelfth Imam as the Saviour who will establish the Kingdom of God on earth. The Sh\u00ed\u2018as believe that the Mahdi will be assisted in his mission by Jesus.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Belief in the \u201cTwelfth Imam\u201d is not an Islamic teaching, it is a Shi\u2019ah belief. This is the belief that spawned the Bahai religion. (See\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/?page_id=511\">Baha\u2019is &amp; Baha\u2019ullah<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">).<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">If this \u201cTwelfth Imam\u201d is in \u201coccultation\u201d he must be over 1100 years old now. And if Jesus is coming back he must already be more than 2000 years old now. Can you imagine the physical condition of an 1100 years-old man and a 2000-years old one? (Please, do not try to say that Time is standing still for them to retain their original age). (For Jesus\u2019 alleged return see\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/?page_id=284\">Jesus-birth miracle or mechanix<\/a>?<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"background: yellow;\">3.<\/span><span style=\"color: #673015;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c<i>Appointment of \u2018Ali by the Prophet:<br \/>\n<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">From the very first day of his mission, Prophet Muhammad started introducing \u2018Ali bin Abi T\u00e2lib as his successor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Islam began when the Prophet Muhammad became forty years old. Initially, the mission was kept a secret. Then three years after the advent of Islam, the Prophet was ordered to commence the open declaration of his message. This was the occasion when Almighty All\u00e3h revealed the verse <i>\u201cAnd warn thy nearest relations.\u201d<\/i> (26:214)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">When this verse was revealed, the Prophet organized a feast that is known in history as \u201cSummoning the Family \u2014 <i>Da\u2018wat dhu \u2019l-\u2018Ash\u012bra<\/i>\u201d. The Prophet invited around forty men from the Banu H\u00e3shim and asked \u2018Ali bin Abi T\u00e3lib to make arrangements for the dinner. After having served his guests with food and drinks, when the Prophet wanted to speak to them about Islam, Abu Lahab forestalled him and said, \u201cYour host has long since bewitched you.\u201d All the guests dispersed before the Prophet could present his message to them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">The Prophet then invited them the next day. After the feast, he spoke to them, saying:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cO Sons of \u2018Abdu \u2019l-Muttalib! By All\u00e3h, I do not know of any person among the Arabs who has come to his people with better than what I have brought to you. I have brought to you the good of this world and the next, and I have been commanded by the Lord to call you unto Him. Therefore, who amongst you will support me in this matter so that he may be my brother <i>(akhh\u00ed),<\/i> my successor <i>(wasiyy\u00ed)<\/i> and my caliph <i>(khalifat\u00ed)<\/i> among you?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">This was the first time that the Prophet openly and publicly called the relations to accept him as the Messenger and Prophet of All\u00e3h; he also uses the words \u201c<i>akh\u00ed wa wasiyy\u00ed wa khal\u00edfat\u00ed<\/i>\u2014 my brother, my successor, my caliph\u201d for the person who will aid him in this mission. No one answered him; they all held back except the youngest of them \u2014 \u2018Ali bin Ab\u00ed T\u00e3lib. He stood up and said, \u201cI will be your helper, O Prophet of God.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">The Prophet put his hand on the back of \u2018Ali\u2019s neck and said:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201c<i>Inna hadh\u00e3 akhh\u00ed wa wasiyy\u00ed wa khal\u00edfat\u00ed f\u00edkum, fasma\u2018\u00fb lahu wa at\u00ed\u2018\u00fb<\/i> \u2014 Verily this is my brother, my successor, and my caliph amongst you; therefore, listen to him and obey.\u201d<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php\/islam-sunnis-shi-ahs#ftn1\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">This was a very explicit statement because the audience understood the appointment of \u2018Ali very clearly. Some of them, including Abu Lahab, even joked with Abu T\u00e3lib saying that your nephew, Muhammad, has ordered you to listen to your son and obey him! At the least, this shows that the appointment of \u2018Ali bin Ab\u00ed T\u00e3lib was clear and explicit, not just implied.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Shi\u2019ahs\u00a0claim that \u201cMost Muslim historians and commentators of the Qur\u2019\u00e3n have quoted this event.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">\u00a0 But Bokhari, the most recognized compiler of Hadiths, note that when this verse (Qur\u2019an 26:214) was revealed the Prophet addressed the various tribes then said to them: \u201cSuppose I told you there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?\u201d They said, \u201cYes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth.\u201d He then said, \u201cI am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment\u2026.\u201d\u2013(Bokhari, Vol. 6, # 293, 294).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">There is no mention of this feast or gathering claimed by Shi\u2019ahs.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">As already noted, if \u2018Ali was the successor of the Prophet there would have been no need for the Prophet to ask who will \u201csupport\u201d him: he need only announce \u2018Ali as his successor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">If Abu Talib had come forward as the Prophet\u2019s \u201csupporter\u201d (and Abu Talib did give support to the Prophet) then Abul Talib (a much elder man) would have been the Prophet\u2019s successor. (?)<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">And if no one had volunteered to be the Prophet\u2019s \u201csupporter\u201d then there would have been no continuation of the Caliphate. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Equally significant, it is doubtful that if the Prophet had chosen \u2018Ali as his successor that his dedicated followers such as Abu Bakr, \u2018Umar, and \u2018Uthman would have violated this order of the Prophet and assumed the Caliphate. Not to mention the outrage and uprising such a violation would have caused among the other devout Muslims.<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"background: yellow;\">4.<\/span>\u00a0 \u201c<span style=\"color: #673015;\">After that, the Prophet at various places emphasized the issue of loving his Ahlul Bayt, seeking guidance from them, and drew the attention of the people to the special status that they had in the eyes of God and His(See 42:23).\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: purple;\">But as Muhammad Ali commented on this verse of the Qur\u2019an (42:23): \u201cCommentators generally think that the love enjoined here in respect of relationship signifies loving the offspring (<\/span><i><span style=\"color: purple;\">al<\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: purple;\">) of the Prophet, but there is nothing in the words which entitles us to place that limitation upon the words. The correct significance of the words is that <\/span><i><span style=\"color: purple;\">I ask of you naught in return for it; what I ask you is to love your own relatives<\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: purple;\">. The statement that the Prophet did not ask for any reward at all is made very often in the Holy Qur\u2019an, and the preacher of virtue never asks for any reward. What he asked them was to live in peace and harmony with each other. The Arabs, closely related as they were to each other, were in a state of constant warfare. They are told to give up mutual warfare and to love one another. A somewhat similar statement is made elsewhere: \u201cI ask of you naught in return for it, except that he who will may take a way to his Lord\u201d (25:57). In both cases what the Prophet wanted was not a reward for himself, but it was a good for the people themselves, being, in the second case, that they walk in the ways of God or lead godly lives and, in the first, that they love one another. Love of God and love of man are thus the two essentials of religion taught in these two verses. According to some, however, <\/span><i><span style=\"color: purple;\">qurba <\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: purple;\">here carries the same significance as <\/span><i><span style=\"color: purple;\">qurbat <\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: purple;\">or <\/span><i><span style=\"color: purple;\">nearness<\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: purple;\">, and what it meant is to love the attainment of nearness to God (R).\u201d (Muhammad Ali\u2019s translation of the Qur\u2019an can be viewed online: <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: blue;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.muslim.org\/\">www.muslim.org<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: purple;\">).<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"background: yellow;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"background: yellow;\">3<i>.<\/i><\/span><i>\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"color: #673015;\"> \u201c<i>Then the Formal Declaration:<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #673015; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Finally, just two months before his death, the Prophet clearly appointed \u2018Ali in Ghadir Khumm as the leader (religious as well as political) of the Muslims. He said, \u201cWhomsoever\u2019s Master I am, this \u2018Ali is his Master.\u201d He also said, \u201cI am leaving two precious things behind, as long as you hold on to them both you will never go astray: the Book of All\u00e3h and my progeny.\u201d<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php\/islam-sunnis-shi-ahs#ftn2\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php\/islam-sunnis-shi-ahs#ftn3\"><span style=\"color: #673015;\">[<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #673015;\">4] For further discussion on the event of Ghad\u00edr Khumm, see the chapter \u201cGhad\u00edr Khumm &amp; the Orientalists\u201d of my <em>Shi&#8217;ism: Imamate &amp; Wilayat.<\/em>. For authenticity of this version of the had\u00edth (that is, \u201cBook of All\u00e3h and my progeny\u201d as opposed to \u201cBook of All\u00e3h and my <i>sunnah<\/i>\u201d), see the Sunni author, Hasan bin \u2018Ali as-Saqq\u00e3f, \u201cThe Book of All\u00e3h and What Else?\u201d <i>The Right Path,<\/i> vol. 6 (# 3 &amp; 4 Oct-Dec 1997) p. 44-49.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.4pt; text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Regarding the Prophet\u2019s saying: \u201cWhomsoever\u2019s Master I am, this \u2018Ali is his Master.\u201d It may be advanced that as the Prophet was\/is the \u201cMaster\u201d of all Muslims there was no need for him to make such a statement. And which statement may have referred to any \u201cslaves\u201d that were in his care that they are now in \u2018Ali\u2019s care.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">As to the \u201ctwo precious\u201d things the Prophet left behind. Whereas the Prophet\u2019s \u201cprogeny\u201d is without doubt \u201cprecious\u201d it is his Sunnah that supplements\/explains the teachings of the Qur\u2019an: \u201cObey All\u0101h and Obey the Messenger;\u201d \u201cAnd whatso-ever the Messenger gives you, accept it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain therefrom\u201d\u2013(Qur\u2019an 3:132; 4:66, 81; 59:7. Bokhari, Vol, 6, # 408). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">It is the Sunnah, and not his \u201cprogeny,\u201d that forms an integral part of Islam.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">What is there that can be more \u201cprecious\u201d than the Words of All\u0101h\u2013(Qur\u2019an 7:185; 39:23; 77:50) and the Sunnah \u2013sayings and practice\u2013 of His noble Messenger \u2013(Qur\u2019an 33:21; 68:4; 69:40)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: purple; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Even if it is taken that the Prophet did say that one of the two \u201cprecious things\u201d he was leaving is his \u201cprogeny\u201d this does not mean that \u2018Ali was to succeed him.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Even if the Prophet had chosen \u2018Ali to succeed him this is no precedence for hereditary succession in Islam. All\u0101h exhorts us that power is to be given only to those capable and to govern by consultation\/counsel\u2013(Qur\u2019an 3:158; 4:58; 42:38).<br \/>\nAnd the noble Messenger of All\u0101h is reported to have said: \u201cWe do not assign the authority of ruling to those who ask for it, nor to those who are keen to have it\u201d\u2013(Bokhari, Vol. 9, # 263).<br \/>\nThe Prophet is reported to have told Abdur-Rahman bin Samura not to \u201cseek to be a ruler, for if you are given authority on your demand then you will be held responsible for it, but if you are given it without asking (for it), then you will be helped (by Allah) in it. If you ever take an oath to do something and later on you find that something else is better, then you should expiate your oath and do what is better\u201d\u2013(Bokhari, Vol. 9, # 260).<br \/>\nAnd, \u201cAny man whom Allah has given the authority of ruling some people and he does not look after them in an honest manner, will never feel even the smell of Paradise\u201d\u2013(Bokhari, Vol. 9 # 264).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Equally significant, \u2018Ali and the other Caliphs did not battle one another or divide themselves: they assisted one another.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Abu Bakr, though he had sons capable of the Caliphate, selected \u2018Umar to succeed him as Caliph. But \u2018Umar\u2019s appointment was final only after consultation and confirmation with the other Companions.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">Muhammad Ali has noted that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 42.75pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201clegislation was not placed in the hands of the king. First of all the Qur\u2019an, then the Prophet\u2019s precept or practice, then the will of the people, such was the machinery that framed the law; and the law, not the king, was the supreme authority. In subordinating king-ship to the law of the land and the law of the land to the will of the people, Abu Bakr laid the foundations of a truly democratic government as also of liberty and equality in the truest sense of these words.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">But, as Muhammad Ali adds:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 42.75pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cTo the misfortune of the community of Islam, how-ever, this golden rule of government was abandoned after the reign of \u2018Ali, the fourth Caliph. Kingship again became private property, as also did the public treasury. Democracy gave way to despotism, and thus began the disintegration and decay of the power of Islam.\u201d (<i>The Early Caliphate<\/i>, p. 52).\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">There is no hereditary succession to the Islamic throne, nor is there a stipulation that the Caliph must belong to the tribe of Quraish. The reason why a Quraish was chosen as Caliph upon the Prophet\u2019s death was to prevent the \u201cdisruption of Islam\u201d which was still in its infancy. The Arabs, accustomed to their legacy of tribal rulership, were not yet conditioned to centralize government; however, this (choosing a Quraish) was done after \u201cmuch discussion\u201d with the parties concerned, as Muhammad Ali has pointed out in his <i>The Early Caliphate<\/i> (pp. 9-11). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Muhammad Ali has noted that \u201cAbu Bakr\u2019s election settled once and for all the all-important problem of succession to king-ship in Islam. Under the constitution of Islam, it was demonstrated for the guidance of posterity that the head of the State must be elected by the people.\u201d(<i>Ibid; <\/i>p. 14).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Dr. Ezzoddin Ibrahim in his <i>Sunni vs. Shi&#8217;ah: A Pitiful Outcry<\/i>, quotes from Dr. Mustafa al-Shaka\u2019s book <i>Islam Without Sects<\/i>, who says: Shiites and Sunnis are connected \u201cby ties of forgive-ness and by striving to bring together the schools of thought, because the heart of religion is one and its core is original and does not allow separation.\u201d<span style=\"background: yellow;\">*<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Dr. Ibrahim also quoted the writings of Anwar al-Jandi, from the book <i>Islam and the Movement of History<\/i>, that \u201cThe history of Islam has been filled with disagreement, ideological conflicts and political differences between Sunnis and Shi\u2019ites.\u201d But, \u201cThe truth is that the difference between the Sunnis and Shi\u2019ites is not more than what exists between the four sects of the Sunnis.\u201d<span style=\"background: yellow;\">*<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">From his book <i>The Muslims\u2013Who are They?,<\/i> Samih Atif al-Zain, says in the preface: \u201c\u201cThat which induced me to write this book is the blind division between Shi\u2019ite Muslims and Sunni Muslims, a division that should have vaporized with the eradica-tion of illiteracy, but unfortunately still has some roots in ill-minded people because its roots were very firmly planted by groups of people who ruled the Islamic world on the basis of dividing brothers while stimulating love for the enemies of this religion and those who refuse to live unless as parasites on the blood of others. I will tell you my brother Shi\u2019ite Muslim and brother Sunni Muslim, the most important basis of differences lies in understanding the Holy Book and the Sunnis and Shi&#8217;ites have never disagreed on the Holy Book and the Traditions; dif-ferences are in understanding them.\u201d<span style=\"background: yellow;\">*<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cAt the end of his book, Samih Atif al-Zain adds, \u201c\u2026it is our duty as Muslims, especially in the present age, to stop and push back the ill-intentioned ones who use the Islamic schools of thought as a route for misleading the people and playing with the minds of the masses as well as increasing suspicions. We must eradicate the sectarian spirit, full of hatred and bar the road of those who spread rumors and quarrels in religion, until Muslims return to how they were before: One society, cooperative and friendly rather than divided, separated and hating each other. Moreover they must resemble the cooperative attitude of the Orthodox Caliphs.\u201d<span style=\"background: yellow;\">*<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">Dr. Ibrahim also notes that \u201cUstad al-Ghannushi in his book <i>al-ha-rakat al-islamiyah wal-tahdith<\/i> quotes these words of Imam Khomeini, \u201cWe want to be judged and governed by Islam as it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, peace and the mercy of God be upon him and his descendants, and in which there is no such distinction between a Sunni and a Shi\u2019ite since the various schools of thought <strong><i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">did not exist<\/span><\/i><\/strong> at the time of the Prophet.\u201d<span style=\"background: yellow;\">*<\/span> (Emphasis added). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\">\u00a0\u00a0 All\u0101h, the Glorious and the High, instructs us:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201c(Be not) Of those who split up their religion<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: red;\">and become parties;<\/span> every sect<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">rejoicing in that which is with it\u201d<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cAnd <span style=\"color: red;\">in whatever you differ, the judgment<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: red;\">thereof is with All\u0101h\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cSay: O All\u0101h, Originator of the heavens<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">and the earth, Knower of the unseen<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">and the seen, <span style=\"color: red;\">Thou judgest between<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">Thy servants as to that wherein they differ.\u201d<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">(Qur\u2019an 30:31-32; 42:10; 39:46 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">What part of <i><span style=\"color: red;\">do not split up your religion; Allah will show us the truth of the matter wherein we differ<\/span><\/i> do you not understand?<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\">Clearly, to divide ourselves into sects is<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;\"> to defy All\u0101h. <\/span><span style=\"color: red;\">And we expect All\u0101h to give us Jannah.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">After nearly two thousand years of baseless and useless and Godless bickering and even animosity Sunnis and Shi\u2019ahs <span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\"><i>must<\/i><\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\"> end their division.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;\">You decide; what will you have \u2013sectism or <\/span><i style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;\">Jannah<\/i><span style=\"color: red; font-family: georgia, palatino; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">*<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\" style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 12pt;\">NOTES<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 10pt;\"><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\"><span style=\"background: yellow;\">*<\/span><\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"PlainTextCharChar\">Five quotes. Ibrahim, Dr. Ezzoddin, <i>Sunni vs. Shi\u2019ah: A Pitiful\u00a0\u00a0 Outcry<\/i>, pp. 26-49.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the name of All\u0101h, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Peace and Blessings of All\u0101h on Mohammad. DEDICATED TO All\u0101h\u2013the Glorious and the High, Lord of the worlds AND TO Mohammad\u2013who brought the world to our feet and eternity to our arms. * SUNNI &amp; SHI\u2019AH (See also\u00a0Islam-sectism among Muslims) The Qur\u2019an gives success:\u00a0 \u201cO man, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-340","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=340"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2198,"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/340\/revisions\/2198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nogodbutallah.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}